Hadoop介绍
一、简介
Hadoop是一个开源的分布式计算平台，用于存储大数据，并使用MapReduce来处理。Hadoop擅长于存储各种格式的庞大的数据，任意的格式甚至非结构化的处理。两个核心：
- HDFS：Hadoop分布式文件系统（Hadoop Distributed File System），具有高容错性和伸缩性，使用java开发
- MapReduce：Google MapReduce的开源实现，分布式编程模型使用户更方便的开发并行应用
使用Hadoop可以轻松的组织计算机资源，从而搭建自己的分布式计算平台，并且可以充分利用集群的计算 和存储能力，完成海量数据的处理。
二、Hadoop的优势
- 高可靠性：Hadoop按位存储和处理数据的能力具有很高的可靠性
- 高拓展性：Hadoop是在可用的计算机集簇间分配数据完成计算任务的，这些集簇可以拓展到数以千计的节点中
- 高效性：Hadoop能够在节点之间动态地移动数据，以保证各个节点的动态平衡，因此其处理速度非常快
- 高容错性：Hadoop能够自动保存数据的多份副本，并且能够自动将失败的任务重新分配
三、关联项目
- Common：为Hadoop及其子项目提供支持的常用工具，主要包括FileSystem，RPC和串行化库。
- Avro：Avro用于数据序列化的系统。提供了丰富的数据结构类型、快速可压缩的二进制格式、存储持久性数据的文件集、远程调用RPC的功能和简单的动态语言集成功能。
- MapReduce：是一种编程模型，用于大规模数据集（大于1TB）的并行运算。
- HDFS：分布式文件系统。
- YRAN：分布式资源管理。
- Chukwa：开源的数据收集系统，用于监控和分析大型分布式系统的数据。
- Hive：一个建立在Hadoop基础之上的数据仓库，它提供了一些用于对Hadoop文件中的数据集进行数据整理、特殊查询和分析存储的工具。Hive提供一种结构化数据的机制，支持类似传统RDBMS的SQL语言的查询语言来帮助那些熟悉SQL的用户查询Hadoop中的数据，该查询语言成为Hive SQL。
- Hbase：一个分布式的、面向列的开源数据库，适合非结构化的数据存储。主要用于需要随机访问、实时读写的大数据。
- Pig：是一个对大型数据集进行分析、评估的平台。Pig最突出的优势是它的结构能够经受住高度并行化的检验。
- Zookeeper：为分布式应用设计的协调服务，主要为用户提供同步、配置管理、分组和命令等服务。
四、编译安装Hadoop
因为我是用的是32位系统，官方预编译版本只有64位的，无法使用，所以得编译源代码。
根据编译文件BUILDING.txt内容，安装hadoop之前需要保证有以下工具：
Hadoop编译说明书需要：Unix 系统JDK1.8maven 3.3或更高ProtoBuffer 2.5.0CMake 3.1或更新（如果需要编译本地代码）Zlib develop（如果需要编译本地代码）openssl devel(如果编译原生hadoop-pipe，并获得最佳的HDFS加密性能)Linux FUSE(用户空间的文件系统) 2.6或更高（如果编译fuse_dfs）第一次编译需要网络保持连接（获取所有的maven和Hadoop需要的依赖）Python（发布文档需要）bats（用于shell代码测试）Node.js / bower / Ember-cli(用于编译前端UI界面)---------------------------------------------------------------------获得具有所有工具的环境的最简单方法是通过Docker提供的配置。这就需要一本最近的docker版本1.4.1或者更高的可以正常工作的版本在Linux上，你可以运行下面的命名安装Docker$ ./start-build-env.sh接下来显示的提示是位于源树的已安装版本，并且已安装和配置了所有必需的测试和构建工具。请注意，在此docker环境中，您只能从您开始的位置访问Hadoop源树。因此如果你想运行dev-support/bin/test-patch /path/to/my.patch那么这个patch文件必须放在hadoop源树中。在ubuntu中清楚并安装所需的软件包：Oracle JDK 1.8 (首选) $ sudo apt-get purge openjdk* $ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installerMaven $ sudo apt-get -y install maven本地依赖包 $ sudo apt-get -y install build-essential autoconf automake libtool cmake zlib1g-dev pkg-config libssl-devProtocolBuffer 2.5.0 (必须) $ sudo apt-get -y install protobuf-compiler
# 1.下载源码wget https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/hadoop/common/hadoop-3.1.2/hadoop-3.1.2-src.tar.gz# 2.解压tar -zxcf hadoop-3.1.2-src.tar.gzcd hadoop-3.1.2-src# 3.mvn编译mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar
编译这个玩意儿断断续续用了3天时间，下面是遇到的问题总结记录一下。
问题1：
mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar的时候编译失败：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.codehaus.mojo:native-maven-plugin:1.0-alpha-8:javah (default) on project hadoop-common: Error running javah command: Error executing command line. Exit code:2 -> [Help 1]
解决：
vim hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/pom.xml将javah的执行路径改为绝对路径
${env.JAVA_HOME}/bin/javah 改为/usr/bin/javah # 具体的路径需要对应你机器上的真实路径
问题2：
mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar的时候编译失败：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-maven-plugins:3.1.2:cmake-compile (cmake-compile) on project hadoop-common: CMake failed with error code 1 -> [Help 1]org.apache.maven.lifecycle.LifecycleExecutionException: Failed to execute goal org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-maven-plugins:3.1.2:cmake-compile (cmake-compile) on project hadoop-common: CMake failed with error code 1
解决：
cmake版本不对，安装cmake3.0版本：
# downloadwget https://cmake.org/files/v3.0/cmake-3.0.0.tar.gztar -zxvf cmake-3.0.0.tar.gzcd cmake-3.0.0./configuremakesudo apt-get install checkinstallsudo checkinstallsudo make install# 建立软链接sudo ln -s bin/* /usr/bin/
还是不行。使用mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar -e -X打印所有日志，可以找到：
[INFO] Running cmake /home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/src -DGENERATED_JAVAH=/home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/target/native/javah -DJVM_ARCH_DATA_MODEL=32 -DREQUIRE_BZIP2=false -DREQUIRE_ISAL=false -DREQUIRE_OPENSSL=false -DREQUIRE_SNAPPY=false -DREQUIRE_ZSTD=false -G Unix Makefiles[INFO] with extra environment variables {}[WARNING] Soft-float JVM detected[WARNING] CMake Error at /home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/HadoopCommon.cmake:182 (message):[WARNING] Soft-float dev libraries required (e.g. 'apt-get install libc6-dev-armel'[WARNING] on Debian/Ubuntu)[WARNING] Call Stack (most recent call first):[WARNING] CMakeLists.txt:26 (include)[WARNING] [WARNING] [WARNING] -- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred![WARNING] See also "/home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/target/native/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".[WARNING] See also "/home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/target/native/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log". 查看hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/target/native/CMakeFiles/CMakeError.log日志，看到报错：
gnu/stubs-soft.h: No such file or directory
解决方案：更改hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/HadoopCommon.cmake，将两处-mfloat-abi=softfp改为-mfloat-abi=hard，参考：和。（最好是重新解压原始包更改完重新编译，要不然可能会出错）
这个改完又有了新问题，编译Apache Hadoop MapReduce NativeTask是报错
[WARNING] /usr/bin/ranlib libgtest.a[WARNING] make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-mapreduce-project/hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-nativetask/target/native'[WARNING] /usr/local/bin/cmake -E cmake_progress_report /home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-mapreduce-project/hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-nativetask/target/native/CMakeFiles 1[WARNING] [ 7%] Built target gtest[WARNING] make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/wangjun/software/hadoop-3.1.2-src/hadoop-mapreduce-project/hadoop-mapreduce-client/hadoop-mapreduce-client-nativetask/target/native'[WARNING] /tmp/ccpXG9td.s: Assembler messages:[WARNING] /tmp/ccpXG9td.s:2040: Error: bad instruction `bswap r5'[WARNING] /tmp/ccpXG9td.s:2063: Error: bad instruction `bswap r1'[WARNING] make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/nativetask.dir/build.make:79: CMakeFiles/nativetask.dir/main/native/src/codec/BlockCodec.cc.o] Error 1[WARNING] make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....[WARNING] make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:96: CMakeFiles/nativetask.dir/all] Error 2[WARNING] make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....[WARNING] /tmp/ccBbS5rL.s: Assembler messages:[WARNING] /tmp/ccBbS5rL.s:1959: Error: bad instruction `bswap r5'[WARNING] /tmp/ccBbS5rL.s:1982: Error: bad instruction `bswap r1'[WARNING] make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/nativetask_static.dir/build.make:79: CMakeFiles/nativetask_static.dir/main/native/src/codec/BlockCodec.cc.o] Error 1[WARNING] make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....[WARNING] /tmp/cc6DHbGO.s: Assembler messages:[WARNING] /tmp/cc6DHbGO.s:979: Error: bad instruction `bswap r2'[WARNING] /tmp/cc6DHbGO.s:1003: Error: bad instruction `bswap r3'[WARNING] make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/nativetask_static.dir/build.make:125: CMakeFiles/nativetask_static.dir/main/native/src/codec/Lz4Codec.cc.o] Error 1[WARNING] make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:131: CMakeFiles/nativetask_static.dir/all] Error 2[WARNING] make: *** [Makefile:77: all] Error 2
看错误应该是指令问题，google一番后，找到解决方案：和。
编辑primitives.h文件，根据里面的git log修改后重新编译。
经历了3天的折磨，终于成功了！来，看看成功后的显示：
[INFO] No site descriptor found: nothing to attach.[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Reactor Summary for Apache Hadoop Main 3.1.2:[INFO] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Main ................................. SUCCESS [ 3.532 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Build Tools .......................... SUCCESS [ 6.274 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Project POM .......................... SUCCESS [ 3.668 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Annotations .......................... SUCCESS [ 5.743 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Assemblies ........................... SUCCESS [ 1.739 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Project Dist POM ..................... SUCCESS [ 4.782 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Maven Plugins ........................ SUCCESS [ 10.777 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MiniKDC .............................. SUCCESS [ 5.156 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth ................................. SUCCESS [ 18.468 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth Examples ........................ SUCCESS [ 8.293 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Common ............................... SUCCESS [03:15 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop NFS .................................. SUCCESS [ 14.700 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop KMS .................................. SUCCESS [ 15.340 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Common Project ....................... SUCCESS [ 0.876 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS Client .......................... SUCCESS [ 46.540 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS ................................. SUCCESS [02:34 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS Native Client ................... SUCCESS [ 12.125 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop HttpFS ............................... SUCCESS [ 20.005 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS-NFS ............................. SUCCESS [ 8.934 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS-RBF ............................. SUCCESS [01:08 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS Project ......................... SUCCESS [ 0.892 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN ................................. SUCCESS [ 0.879 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN API ............................. SUCCESS [ 25.531 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Common .......................... SUCCESS [01:57 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Registry ........................ SUCCESS [ 14.521 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Server .......................... SUCCESS [ 0.920 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Server Common ................... SUCCESS [ 23.432 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN NodeManager ..................... SUCCESS [ 28.782 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Web Proxy ....................... SUCCESS [ 9.515 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN ApplicationHistoryService ....... SUCCESS [ 14.077 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Timeline Service ................ SUCCESS [ 12.728 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN ResourceManager ................. SUCCESS [ 51.338 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Server Tests .................... SUCCESS [ 8.675 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Client .......................... SUCCESS [ 13.937 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN SharedCacheManager .............. SUCCESS [ 10.853 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Timeline Plugin Storage ......... SUCCESS [ 12.546 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN TimelineService HBase Backend ... SUCCESS [ 1.069 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN TimelineService HBase Common .... SUCCESS [ 17.176 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN TimelineService HBase Client .... SUCCESS [ 15.662 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN TimelineService HBase Servers ... SUCCESS [ 0.901 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN TimelineService HBase Server 1.2 SUCCESS [ 17.512 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN TimelineService HBase tests ..... SUCCESS [ 17.327 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Router .......................... SUCCESS [ 14.430 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Applications .................... SUCCESS [ 1.990 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN DistributedShell ................ SUCCESS [ 10.400 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Unmanaged Am Launcher ........... SUCCESS [ 7.210 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Client ..................... SUCCESS [ 2.549 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Core ....................... SUCCESS [ 38.022 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Common ..................... SUCCESS [ 35.908 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Shuffle .................... SUCCESS [ 15.180 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce App ........................ SUCCESS [ 18.915 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce HistoryServer .............. SUCCESS [ 15.852 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce JobClient .................. SUCCESS [ 12.987 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Mini-Cluster ......................... SUCCESS [ 12.106 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Services ........................ SUCCESS [ 1.812 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Services Core ................... SUCCESS [ 8.685 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Services API .................... SUCCESS [ 9.236 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Site ............................ SUCCESS [ 0.859 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN UI .............................. SUCCESS [ 0.840 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop YARN Project ......................... SUCCESS [ 34.971 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce HistoryServer Plugins ...... SUCCESS [ 7.376 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce NativeTask ................. SUCCESS [02:07 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Uploader ................... SUCCESS [ 9.915 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Examples ................... SUCCESS [ 14.651 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce ............................ SUCCESS [ 15.959 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Streaming .................. SUCCESS [ 11.747 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Distributed Copy ..................... SUCCESS [ 16.314 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Archives ............................. SUCCESS [ 7.115 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Archive Logs ......................... SUCCESS [ 8.686 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Rumen ................................ SUCCESS [ 12.413 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Gridmix .............................. SUCCESS [ 10.490 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Data Join ............................ SUCCESS [ 7.894 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Extras ............................... SUCCESS [ 7.098 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Pipes ................................ SUCCESS [ 19.457 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop OpenStack support .................... SUCCESS [ 12.452 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Amazon Web Services support .......... SUCCESS [04:55 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop Kafka Library support ................ SUCCESS [ 36.248 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Azure support ........................ SUCCESS [ 43.752 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Aliyun OSS support ................... SUCCESS [ 34.905 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client Aggregator .................... SUCCESS [ 17.099 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Scheduler Load Simulator ............. SUCCESS [ 18.819 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Resource Estimator Service ........... SUCCESS [ 29.363 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Azure Data Lake support .............. SUCCESS [ 30.145 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Image Generation Tool ................ SUCCESS [ 8.970 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools Dist ........................... SUCCESS [ 46.265 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.883 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client API ........................... SUCCESS [08:41 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client Runtime ....................... SUCCESS [06:39 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client Packaging Invariants .......... SUCCESS [ 4.040 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client Test Minicluster .............. SUCCESS [13:29 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client Packaging Invariants for Test . SUCCESS [ 1.937 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client Packaging Integration Tests ... SUCCESS [ 1.865 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Distribution ......................... SUCCESS [01:56 min][INFO] Apache Hadoop Client Modules ....................... SUCCESS [ 5.050 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Cloud Storage ........................ SUCCESS [ 6.457 s][INFO] Apache Hadoop Cloud Storage Project ................ SUCCESS [ 0.829 s][INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 01:06 h[INFO] Finished at: 2019-09-03T14:14:45+08:00[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
编译完成后的内容在hadoop-dist里面。感受一下为了编译这个玩意儿尝试了多少个版本：
cmake-3.0.0 cmake-3.3.0 hadoop-2.7.7-src.tar.gz hadoop-2.9.2-src hadoop-3.1.2-src protobuf-2.5.0 cmake-3.1.0 hadoop-2.8.5-src hadoop-2.9.2-src.tar.gz hadoop-3.1.2-src.tar.gz cmake-3.1.0.tar.gz hadoop-2.7.7-src hadoop-2.8.5-src.tar.gz hadoop-3.1.2 hadoop-3.1.2.tar.gz
五、启动运行hadoop
将hadoop-dist/target里面的hadoop-3.1.2.tar.gz拷贝到你要安装的位置，解压。
# 进入bin目录，启动前先格式化HDFS系统cd hadoop-3.1.2/bin./hdfs namenode -format............2019-09-03 14:35:53,356 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: /************************************************************SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at raspberrypi/127.0.1.1************************************************************/# 启动所有服务cd ../sbin/./start-all.shWARNING: Attempting to start all Apache Hadoop daemons as wangjun in 10 seconds.WARNING: This is not a recommended production deployment configuration.WARNING: Use CTRL-C to abort.Starting namenodes on [raspberrypi]Starting datanodesStarting secondary namenodes [raspberrypi]Starting resourcemanagerStarting nodemanagers
访问8088端口http://localhost:8088就可以看到hadoop的管理界面了！
hadoop的web界面：
# All Applicationshttp://localhost:8088# DataNode Informationhttp://localhost:9864# Namenode Informationhttp://localhost:9870# nodehttp://localhost:8042# SecondaryNamenode informationhttp://localhost:9868
问题1：启动时报错：
$ ./start-all.sh WARNING: Attempting to start all Apache Hadoop daemons as wangjun in 10 seconds.WARNING: This is not a recommended production deployment configuration.WARNING: Use CTRL-C to abort.Starting namenodes on [raspberrypi]raspberrypi: ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found.Starting datanodeslocalhost: ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found.Starting secondary namenodes [raspberrypi]raspberrypi: ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found.Starting resourcemanagerStarting nodemanagerslocalhost: ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set and could not be found.
解决方案：
vim ./etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh# export JAVA_HOME=改为具体的java安装路径，比如export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-armhf